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Learn about AI tokens, LLM optimization, and developer tools. Expert guides to help you get the most out of ChatGPT, Claude, GPT-4 and other AI models.
PDF to Markdown for LLMs: Why Your PDF Costs 3x More Than It Should
Sending a PDF straight to an LLM can cost several times what the same content costs as Markdown. Here's why, which converter to use, and when to skip conversion entirely.
What Are LLM Tokens? How AI Models Actually Count Your Text (2026)
What a token really is, why the same sentence costs different amounts on ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, and how to read 2026's pricing and context-window numbers.
What Is a Context Window? Why 1M Tokens Doesn't Mean 1M Usable Tokens
Context windows hit 1M tokens in 2026 — but research across 18 frontier models shows accuracy collapses long before the limit. What the number means, and what it doesn't.